Everything about The Kingdom Of Armenia totally explained
The
Kingdom of Armenia (or
Greater Armenia) was an independent kingdom from
190 BC to
387 АD, and a client state of the Roman and Persian empires until
428. Stretching from the
Caspian to the
Mediterranean Seas.
History
The predecessor of the Kingdom was the Satrapy of Armenia ("Armina" in the Old Persian, "Harminuya" in the Elamite and "Urashtu" ("Urartu") in the Bablylonian parts of
Behistun Inscription of
Darius the Great) part of the
Achaemenid Empire, which later became an independent Kingdom under the
Orontid Dynasty with
Macedonian influence.
After the destruction of the
Seleucid Empire, a
Hellenistic Greek successor state of
Alexander the Great's short-lived empire, a Hellenistic Armenian state was founded in 190 BC by
Artaxias I. At its zenith, from
95 to
66 BC, Armenia extended its rule over parts of the Caucasus and the area that's now eastern
Turkey,
Syria and
Lebanon. For a time, Armenia was one of the most powerful states in the Roman East. It came under the
Roman sphere of influence in 66 BC, after the
battle of Tigranokerta and the final defeat of Armenia's allied
Mithridates VI of Pontus.
Mark Antony invaded and succumbed the kingdom in
34 BC, but romans lost hegemony at time of the
Final war of the roman republic in
32-
30 BC. In
20 BC,
Augustus negotiated a truce with the parthians, making Armenia a buffer zone between the two major powers.
Subsequently, Armenia was often a focus of contention between Rome and
Persia. The
Parthians forced Armenia into submission from
37 to
47, when the Romans retook control of the kingdom.
Under
Nero, the Romans fought a campaign (
55–
63) against the
Parthian Empire, which had invaded the kingdom of Armenia, allied to the Romans. After gaining (
60) and losing (
62) Armenia, the Romans sent
XV Apollinaris from
Pannonia to
Cn. Domitius Corbulo,
legatus of
Syria. Corbulo, with the legions XV
Apollinaris,
III Gallica,
V Macedonica,
X Fretensis and
XXII, entered (
63) into the territories of
Vologases I of Parthia, who returned the Armenian kingdom to
Tiridates.
Another campaign was led by Emperor
Lucius Verus in
162-
165, after
Vologases IV of Parthia had invaded Armenia and installed his chief general on its throne. To counter the Parthian threat, Verus set out for the east. His army won significant victories and retook the capital. Sohaemus, a Roman citizen of Armenian heritage, was installed as the new
client king. But a result of an epidemic within the Roman forces, Parthians retook most of their lost territory in 166 and forced Sohaemus to retreat to Syria, аnd in Armenia Arsakid’s dynasty was restored.
Armenian Arsakides, after falling this dynasty in Iran, were hostile Persian
Sassanides which from its part constantly aspired to establish the control over Armenia. The
Sassanid Persians occupied Armenia in
252. In
287 when in Armenia by means of the Roman armies king
Tiridetes III the Great, who soon have accepted christianity was established (according to traditional date in
301, for example earlier, than
Constantine the Great).
In
387 the kingdom was split between the
East Roman Empire and the Persians. Western Armenia quickly became a province of the
Roman Empire under the name of
Armenia Minor; Eastern Armenia remained a kingdom within Persia until
428, when the local nobility overthrew the king, and the Sassanids installed a governor in his place.
By the second century BC the population of Greater Armenia spoke Armenian, implying that today’s Armenians are the direct descendants of those speakers.
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